Celebrating Winter Solstice

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How was it celebrated in Singapore in the past?

During the Winter Solstice, some families would pay respects to their ancestors in temples. Offerings are placed in front of the ancestral tablets, which serve as a placard to symbolise the seat of ancestors. Offerings such as steamed buns of different colours and animal shapes were also prepared to represent the family’s thriving livestock.

During post-war Singapore, one of the treats eaten during the festival is known as koay ee (pulot rice cake) that were sometimes served in treacle. They’re ball-shaped glutinous dough cooked in boiling water, similar to tangyuan that did not have fillings.

 

Info source:

  1. NewspaperSG – Chinese Clansmen Remember Ancestors
  2. NewspaperSG – The Chinese Have Their Xmas Too
  3. NewspaperSG – It’s Their Christmas Day Too Today
  4. 新加坡福建会馆. (2009) 阮这世人- 新加坡福建人的习俗. 新加坡: 新加坡福建会馆, pp. 108-109
  5. NewspaperSG – Winter Solstice Festival
  6. 新加坡福建会馆. (2009) 阮这世人- 新加坡福建人的习俗. 新加坡: 新加坡福建会馆, pp. 108-109
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How do we celebrate it now?

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Fast forward to today, the symbolic tangyuan has become an integral part of the Winter Solstice celebration locally. During the Winter Solstice in Singapore, Chinese families typically gather for a feast and end the reunion with a bowl of piping hot tangyuan each. Tangyuan in various colours continue to be prepared as part of ancestor and deity worship.

Not too long ago, making tangyuan was a common inter-generational activity where family members made coloured glutinous rice balls with no filling together. Nowadays, people usually buy tangyuan from hawker stalls, or ready-made, frozen tangyuan due to convenience. The modern tangyuan has also evolved into a rich variety of flavours and preparation methods.

Info source:

  1. 新加坡福建会馆. (2009) 阮这世人- 新加坡福建人的习俗. 新加坡: 新加坡福建会馆,pp. 108-109; Straits Times. (22 Dec 2016).
  2. 新加坡福建会馆. (2009) 阮这世人- 新加坡福建人的习俗. 新加坡: 新加坡福建会馆, pp. 108-109
  3. The Straits Times – Frozen rice balls are hot during winter solstice
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Other food eaten during Winter Solstice

Although Singapore’s Winter Solstice is commonly associated with tangyuan, other foods are also enjoyed during this period in other parts of the world as part of the traditions.

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Nuts

One’s bodily functions begin to slow down during the winter. Some believe that nuts like peanuts, walnuts, and almonds are nourishing for the body and can help defend the cold.

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Dumplings

In northern China, eating dumplings is essential during the Winter Solstice. There’s a saying that goes: “To have dumplings on Winter Solstice and noodles on Summer Solstice.” (冬至饺子夏至面)

According to legend, a doctor Zhang Zhongjing met many people who suffered frostbite during winter. Hoping to solve the problem, he cooked a pot of mutton, hot peppers and herbs, and wrapped them in dough to dispel the cold. Today, people make dumplings in honour of him.

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Wontons

People in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, eat wontons in midwinter. According to legend, 2500 years ago, the King of Wu was tired of all kinds of foods and wanted to eat something different. Court beauty Xishi made wontons for the king, who liked them very much. To commemorate Xishi, the people of Suzhou then regarded wontons as a festival dish.

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Mutton and vermicelli soup

In Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, people call midwinter the “Ghost Festival”. During this occasion, it‘s a tradition to enjoy a meal of mutton and vermicelli soup, alongside dumplings that are in the soup.

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Rice cakes

Residents of Hangzhou eat rice cakes when the Winter Solstice arrives. In the past, households would prepare these cakes as offerings to honour their ancestors or as gifts to family and friends. Today, while fewer families eat rice cakes, locals there still continue to purchase rice cakes for the Winter Solstice.

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Red bean and glutinous rice

In areas south of the Yangtze River, families get together on Winter Solstice to have a meal made of red bean and glutinous rice as they believe it’ll drive away ghosts and other evil things.

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Tangyuan galore

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When our forefathers arrived in Singapore, besides the customs and practices, they brought along recipes like winter tonic soups for Winter Solstice. But due to Singapore’s sunny weather, most recipes were unsuitable, apart from tangyuan. Singapore, with its unique makeup of diverse ethnic and Chinese dialect cultures, has led to many local variations of tangyuan. Take a look at some examples below!

Cantonese

Some Cantonese enjoy adding small pieces of brown sugar as the filling for their tangyuan.

Image source: What to Cook Today

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Hakka

Tangyuan is commonly known as a sweet dessert, but the Hakka version does not have  fillings and is served in a savoury broth made from vegetables and pork.

Teochew

Tangyuan for the Teochews is known as “Ah Balling”, which comes from the Teochew phrase “鸭母淋” (pronounced as “Ah Balling”), which means “mother duck’s eggs”. The term is used to describe tangyuan’s resemblance to floating duck eggs while being cooked in soup.

In Singapore, 75 Ah Balling Peanut Soup is a household name which has been  serving classic Ah Balling in peanut soup for decades.

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Peranakan

For the Peranakans, tangyuan is called kueh ee. Some Peranakan Chinese families stick red and white kueh ee to the back of the main front doors in order to drive out evil and bring in good fortune. The different colours of the balls represent the yin and yang of nature, and it‘s believed that eating them indicates you’ve grown a year older.

Info source:

  1. The Peranakan Association Singapore – Reminiscing the Angin Taon Baru
  2. Baba Nonya Peranakans – Winter Solstice Celebration – Kueh Ee

Image source: Baba Nonya Peranakans – Winter Solstice Celebration – Kueh Ee

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#Tangyuanyourway

Try your hand at preparing your own tangyuan at home. Here are some step-by-step guides on how to make various kinds of tangyuan. Don’t forget to share the outcome with us on social media!

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Black Sesame Tang Yuan

by The Woks of Life

Recipe here
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Pandan and Peanut Tangyuan in Ginger Soup

By Eat What Tonight

Recipe here
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Savoury Hakka Tangyuan

by The Woks of Life

Recipe here
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Other Unique Tangyuan Recipes

Bored of always eating tangyuan the same way? Kick it up a notch by trying these new tangyuan creations!

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Eight Treasures Tangyuan

by Fairprice

Recipe here
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Air-Fried Tangyuan

by Fairprice

Recipe here
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